社会研究方法第二章艾尔巴比

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Paradigm, Theory and Research

In research, theory has three functions: firstly, theory can prevent our theory of chance; secondly, theory can reasonably explain the observed pattern and point out more possibilities; finally, it establishes the form and direction of research and points out the possible direction of empirical observation.

Paradigm: A basic model or plan for organizing or providing our views on things or objects of study. Different disciplines have different paradigms, which can be divided into natural science paradigm and social science paradigm according to their scientific attributes. Natural science paradigm includes Newton's mechanics, Einstein's relativity theory, Darwin's evolutionism, and social science paradigm includes philosophical paradigm, sociological paradigm and so on. Social Sciences use different paradigms to organize their understanding and exploration of social life.

Positivism assumes that we can scientifically discover the rules of social life. The paradigm of conflict is concerned with how individuals and groups dominate others and avoid being dominated by others. The paradigm of symbolic interactionism focuses on how social interaction develops the shared meaning and social model.

If everyone is a researcher engaged in research, the common people's methodology should pay attention to the way people create meaning in their


lives. Structural functionalism or social system paradigm tries to find out the functions of various factors in society as a whole, such as motherhood, labor organization and radio farce. In addition to focusing on the oppression of women in most societies, the feminist paradigm also pays attention to how the inherent impression of social reality comes from and strengthens the experience of men.

People abide by the rules of reason and have a firm belief in the objectivity of reality for a long time. However, this belief has been challenged by contemporary theorists and researchers. The traditional imagination of science includes theory, manipulation and observation. The traditional imagination of science does not exactly reflect the actual situation of scientific research.

Theory and research in social sciences are achieved through deduction and induction. Grass-roots theory refers to the theory developed by observation in addition to deduction and induction. The theory and practice of social science go hand in hand.

范式、理论与研究



在研究中，理论有三个作用；首先，理论可以预防我们的侥幸理论；其次，理论可以合理的解释观察到的模式，并指出更多的可能性；最后是建立研究的形式和方向，指出实证观察可能有所发现的方向。

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