2019年catti笔译二级试题：贸易主义政策

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Many countries have adopted the principle of sustainable development, it can combatenvironment deterioration in air quality, water quality and production in developingcountries. Health education serves as a viable role for every member in the world.But some argue that it's a vague idea, some organizations may use it in its owninterests, whether environmental or economic is the nature of interests. Others arguethat sustainable development in developing countries overlook the local customs,habitude and people.

Whereas interdependence is desirable during times of peace, war

necessitatescompetition and independence. Tariffs and importation limits strengthen a county'seconomic vitality while potentially weakening the economies of its

enemies.Moreover, protectionism in the weapons industry is highly desirable during suchcircumstances because reliance on another state for armaments can be fatal. For the most part, economists emphasize the negative effects of protectionism. Itreduces international trade and raises prices for consumers. In addition, domesticfirms that receive protection have less incentive to innovate. Although free trade putsuncompetitive firms out of business, the displaced workers and resources areultimately allocated to other areas of the economy

Imposing quotas is a method used to protect trade, since foreign companies cannotship more products regardless of how low they set their prices. Countries that hopeto help a new industry thrive locally often impose quotas on imported goods. Theybelieve that such restrictions allow entities in the new industry to develop their








owncompetitive advantages and produce the products efficiently. Developing countries often use this argument to justify their restrictions on foreign goods. Protectionism's purpose is usually to create jobs for domestic workers. Companiesthat operate in industries protected by quotas hire workers locally. Anotherdisadvantage of quotas is the reduction in the quality of products in the absence ofcompetition from foreign companies. Without compettion, local firms are less likely toinvest in innovation and improve their products and services. Domestic sellers don'thave an incentive to enhance efficiency and lower their prices, and under suchconditions, consumers eventually pay more for products and services they couldreceive from foreign competitors. As local companies lose competitiveness, theybecome pressured to outsource jobs. In the long run, increasing protectionism commonly leads to layoffs and economic slowdown.

【参考译文】为应对广大发展中国家所面临的环境恶化问题,保障空气质量、水质和生产安全,许多国家纷纷制定可持续发展战略。实践证明,卫生教育对推动世界各国的发展具有切实可行性。但有人认为,可持续发展的概念不够明晰,沦为部分组织谋取自身利益的工具，置环境或经济负面效应于不顾。还有人认为,发展中国家在实施可持续发展战略过程中,时常忽略民风、民俗和民生问题。

在和平年代，各国之间相互依存、共谋发展,战争时期,各国又相互竞争,追求独立。关税和进口限制政策有助于增强本国经济活力,同时削弱敌国的经济增长潜力。再者，战争时期,武器制造行业采取保护主义,可避免对外过度依赖,保护本国免遭受致命打击。

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