流利说商务英语level6unit1part5(Motivation)

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Lesson1 Maslow’s hierarchy

Scientists have been studying motivation for many years.

An American psychologist, Abraham Maslow, developed a theory called the Hierarchy of Needs.

According to this theory, individuals’ most basic needs must be met before they become motivated to achieve higher level needs. There are 5 levels of needs in the hierarchy. Physiological

Physiological needs are the most basic requirement for people to stay alive such as eating, drinking and sleeping.

When these need are not met, people seek to fulfil them above all else. Safety and security

The second most important need after physiological need is safety and security.

Human beings need to feel safe and secure, not only physically but also financially and psychologically.

If some loses their job, they may worry because their income isn’t stable. Belonging and love

According to Maslow, it is important that people feel accepted by their social groups, such as family, friends, even their co-workers.

If some doesn’t feel loved or accepted by the people in their life, they may feel lonely, depressed or insecure.

Companies that encourage team-building activities have higher employee engagement than those that don’t. Self-esteem

Self-esteem is the confidence a people has in themselves.

At work, people need to feel that they are performing well and their achievements are recognized.

If employees are encouraged, they are often more engaged. So it’s important to praise their work.

Self-actualization

Self-actualization refers to a person’s need to reach their full potential.

Since each individual is unique, people take different paths to achieve self-actualization. Therefore, managers should understand their employees’ needs and encourage them to achieve their goals.

Lesson 2 Human motivation theory

In order to lead a team, you need to understand your employees.

Psychologist, David McClelland , developed a theory about human motivation called the Three Needs Theory. Need for achievement

Employees who have a need for achievement are motivated to accomplish difficult or challenging tasks.

They enjoy tasks where they can see the results of their effort. They also like to receive feedback on their work.


Need for affiliation

Employees who are driven by a need for affiliation feel a strong need to be accepted by others. Because they want to be liked, they often agree with any decision made by a group.

People who have a need for affiliation prefer to collaborate with others instead of competing with them. Need for power

Employees who have a need for power want to control or influence others. They often enjoy competing with other people.

They are also eager to be recognized for their successes.

However, their need for competition may make them hostile to others. Effect on management

By using Three Needs Theory, managers can better understand different needs of their team members.

For example, employees who have a need for achievement should be given challenging projects.

Therefore , to motivate different employees managers could place them in new situations based on their needs.

Lesson 3 Incentive programs

An incentive program is designed to promote or encourage specific employee behaviors. It is used by companies to motivate employees to perform better. Performance-based bonuses

A performance-based bonus is an additional compensation paid as a reward for achieving specific goals.

These bonuses may be given on a regular base, such as annually or monthly. They might also be made available only for a specific period of time. Paid time off (PTO)

Many employees want the opportunity to have paid time off of work.

Paid time off doesn’t just mean paid days off for sick days or emergencies.

Employees could also earn an additional paid time off that they can use whenever they choose. If they don’t use this time before the end of the year, it can be converted to money. Tuition reimbursement

Some companies reimburse some employees tuition.

This means employees pay for education costs and then receive reimbursement after the course is completed.

If a employer pay for the education, employees are more likely to perform better for the long term.

Employee promotion policy

An employee promotion policy is a set of rules and guidelines for promoting an employee. Performance and skills are criteria used in a good promotion policy. Employee of the year

Companies can choose an outstanding employee to be employee of the year.

Generally, the company will have a nomination and selection process to choose the best employee.


Employee of the year award helps boost the winner’s confidence and encourage others to perform well.

Lesson4 Related verbs

To demotivate

To demotivate means to make someone less eager to work.

Unfair treatment in the work place may demotivate the employees.

Employees who are demotivated are likely to under perform or even leave the company. To incentivize

To incentivize means to make someone want to do something.

Companies incentivize their employees to behave well through compensation policies. Sales teams often use a scoreboard to incentivize competition between team members. To participate

To participate means to take part in or get involved in an activity.

Employees should be encouraged to participate in activities that align with a company’s goals. Allowing employees to participate in decision making has resulted in successful value creation in many organization. To standardize

To standardize means to make things of same type have the same features. Car parts are often standardized so that one type will fit any model of car.

A standardized hiring process allows us to assess the candidate with the same reference point.

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