王蔷 英语教学法教程 第二版 Unit8

【#第一文档网# 导语】以下是®第一文档网的小编为您整理的《王蔷 英语教学法教程 第二版 Unit8》，欢迎阅读！

第8章 Teaching Vocabulary

一、What does knowing a word involve? 都得背过并举例 1. What does it mean to know a word? Knowing a word means knowing: (1) its pronunciation and stress;

(2) its spelling and grammatical properties; (3) its meaning;

(4) how and when to use it to express the intended meaning.

Learning a word involves learning more than just the word itself. Lexical items can be phrases, clause or sentences.

2. Vocabulary learning

According to Hedge, vocabulary learning involves at least two aspects of meaning:

(1) The first aspect involves the understanding of its denotative and connotative meaning. ① Denotative meaning

Denotative meaning of a word or a lexical item refers to those words that we use to label things as regards real objects, such as a name or a sign, etc. in the physical world. ② Connotative meaning

A connotative meaning of a word refers to ‘the attitudes or emotions of a language user in choosing a word and the influence of these on the listener or reader’s interpretation of the word’. These words that may express a positive or negative attitude or subtle feelings towards something.

(2) The second aspect involves understanding sense relations among words. Lexical items of this kind include word collocations, synonyms, antonyms, and hyponyms. ① Collocations

Collocations refer to words that co-occur with high frequency and have been accepted as ways for the use of words. It is believed that teaching word collocations is a more effective way than just teaching one single word at a time.

② synonyms, antonyms, hyponyms

Synonyms refer to items that mean the same, or nearly the same. Antonyms refer to items that mean the opposite of a word.

Hyponyms refer to words which can be grouped together under the same superordinate concept. 3. Receptive and productive vocabulary ① Receptive/passive vocabulary:

Receptive/passive vocabulary refers to words that one is able to recognize and comprehend in reading or listening but unable to use automatically in speaking or writing. ② Productive/active vocabulary:

Those words that one is not only able to recognize but also able to use in speech and writing are considered as one’s productive/active vocabulary. 二、Ways of presenting vocabulary

1．Ways to present and explain vocabulary

①Using pictures, photos, video clips, mime or gestures; ②Provide a verbal context to demonstrate meaning; ③Use synonyms or antonyms to explain meanings; ④Use lexical sets, e.g. cook: fry, boil, bake, and grill; ⑤Translate and exemplify, if words with abstract meaning.


⑥Use word formation rules and common affixes; ⑦Teach vocabulary in chunks;

⑧Use the context in real life where the word might be used; ⑨Provide different contexts for introducing new words; ⑩Prepare for possible misunderstanding or confusion. 2．Things a teacher does after presentation

Try to provide opportunities for students to use multiple senses such as visual, auditory, action, etc., to get familiar with the newly learned words.

Engage the students in variety of activities, such speaking, listening, reading, writing or acting, using multiple senses.

To create meaningful and personalized tasks for the students to use the words in their own ways.

Remember, a word can’t be learned by only being presented to the students, often it has to be encountered at least seven times in different contexts before it can be learned by the students. 三、Ways of consolidating vocabulary

Some vocabulary consolidation activities suggested: 1. Labelling.

2. Spot the difference. 3. Describe and draw. 4. Play a game. 5. Use word series. 6. Word bingo.

7. Word association.

8. Find synonyms and antonyms. 9. Use word categories. 10. Using word net-work.

11. Using the Internet resources for more ideas

四、How do we help students develop vocabulary learning strategies?

It is necessary to help the students to develop vocabulary building strategies as they will not be able to learn all the vocabulary simply from class teaching. 1. Review regularly

Evidence shows that regular review helps students to maintain largest amount of recall. 2. Guess meaning from context

Especially using sentence hints for word meanings. Clues contributing to the discovery of meaning: The topic;

The grammatical structure;

The possible meaning connect between the given word and other words; The linguistic pattern where the word appears. 3. Organize vocabulary effectively

If information is organized and stored in special ways, e.g. related information is stored together or new information is related to previously stored information, it is more likely to be retained and easier to retrieve. Considering the mass English vocabulary, it is necessary for the teacher to guide students to organize the words they encounter. So with a conscious attempt at vocabulary organization it is likely that a student’s word store will increase significantly. 4. Use a dictionary

本文来源：https://www.dy1993.cn/NkUx.html