被动语态详解 Passive voice

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被动语态详解

被动语态 Passive voice

语态（voice）是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。

英语语态分为两种，一种是主动语态（active voice）另一种是被动语态（passive voice）主动语态表示，主语是动作的执行者。

Yesterday I parked my car outside the school. 被动语态表示主语时动作的承受者。

A sound of piano is heard in the adjoining room.

被动语态常由助动词be以及及物动词的过去分词所构成。被动语态可以用在各种时态里，最常见的有以下几种种。

一般现在时 You are wanted in the office. I am not so easily deceived. 一般过去时 I was invited to the concert. Our house was built in 1969. 一般将来时 We hope that an agreement will be arrived at.

现在完成时 My car has been repaired. The part has been planned since the New Year.

过去完成时 I looked at the lanterns that had been lighted and placed near the opening.

现在进行时 The question is being discussed at the meeting. The children are being taken care of by their aunt.

过去进行时 When I called, tea was being served. 这里的call 表示的是拜访。

被动语态除了常用的be加上过去分词构成之外，还可以用get+过去分词的结构。这种用法一般用在口语中更常见。后面一般不接by短语。

Hundreds of people get killed every year by traffic on the roads. The boy got hurt on his way to school.

被动语态可含有情态动词，结构是：情态动词+be+过去分词 This must be done as soon as possible. What’s done cannot be undone. 覆水难收

These stairs are very dangerous. They should be repaired.

有不少短语动词相当于及物动词，所以这些短语动词亦有被动语态。 Many interesting experiments are carried out in our laboratory.

主动语态变被动语态

主动语态变为被动语态可分成下列情况。

1. 主+谓+宾 句型变为被动结构时，先将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语（宾语

如果是人称代词的时候，必须将其变为主格）；然后将主动结构中谓语动词的主动语态变为被动语态，最后在谓语动词的被动语态之后加by 再将动词的主动语态变为被动语态；最后在谓语动词的被动语态之后加by，再将主动结构中的主语置于介词by后面。 Bell invented the telephone in 1876.

The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876.

The manager has not signed the papers.

The papers have not been signed by the manager.

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By短语并不一定总表示动作的执行者。它有时表示方式或者原因。 A policeman is known by the clothes he wears.

I was very much flattered by his asking me to dance a second time.

被动语态的用法

英语里的被动语态有几个用法。 ① 当我们不知道动作执行者时

Printing was introduced into Europe from China.

Look! There’s nothing here. Everything has been taken away.

② 当我们不必要提出动作的执行者时。 I was born in 1960.

Such things are not done twice.

③ 当我们反复强调动作承受者时。 She is liked by everybody. (强调she)

A good time was had by all. （侧重a good time）

④ 有些动词习惯上用的是被动语态。 He is said to be a good teacher.

It’s done. 事情成了！ （一般现在时被动态表动作已经完成）

句子翻译练习

我被邀请去听演唱会。

他生于1919年。

他被认为是一个专家。

汤姆被选为队长。

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雷丁英语是中国实用型英语培训机构，通过全英语环境与外教一对一的模式提高学员英语口语水平，

提供英语口语培训，成人英语培训，商务英语培训，青少年英语等课程。

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