大学英语 英国文学 美国文学 名词解释

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Sonnet

It is a lyric poem of 14 lines with a formal rhyme scheme, expressing different aspects of a single thought, mood, or feeling, somes resolved or summed up in the last lines of the poem. Generally sonnets are composed in the standard meter of the language in which they were written-for example, iambic pentameter in English. The English sonnet, exemplified by the work of William Shakepeare, developed as an adaptation to a language less rich in rhymes than Italian. It is being divided into three quatrains, each whymed differently, with a fianl, independently whymed couplet that makes an effective, unifying climax to the whole. The rhyme scheme is abab, cdcd, efef, gg. Renaissance

This word, meaning”rebirth” is commonly applied movement or period which marks the transtion from the medieval to the modern world in Western Europe. In the usual sense of the word, Renaissance suggests especially the 14th,15th,16th and early 17th centuries, the dates differing fro different countries. It is best to regard the Renaissance as the result of a new emphasis upon and a new combination of tendentcies and attidutes already exiting, stimulated by a series of historical events. The new humanistic learning which resulted from the rediscovery of classical literature is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious, intellectual side, since it was to the treasures of classical culture and to the authority of classical writers that the people of the Renaissance turned for inspiration. Humanism

A cultural movement of the Renaissance, based on classical studies, the denial of any power or moral value superior to that of humanity; the rejection of religion in favour of a belief in the advancement of humanity by its own efforts. It is a variety of ethical theory and practice that emphasizes reason, scientific inquiry, and human fulfillment in the natural world and often rejects the importance of belief in God. Enlightenment

Enlightenment was an intellectual movement originating in France, which attracted widespread support among the ruling and intellectual classes of Europe and North America in the second half of the 18th century. It characterizes the efforts by certain European writers to use critical reason to free minds from prejudice, unexamined authority and oppression by Church or State. Therefore the Enlightenment is sometimes called the Age of Reason. Suspense

(The psychological tension ro anxiety resulting from the reader’s or audience’s uncertainty or just how a situation or conflict is likely to end.) Conflict

(It refers to the struggle or encounter within the plot of two opposing forces that serves to create interset and suspense for the reader.) Foot

The basic metrical or rhythmical unit within a line of poetry. A foot of poetry generally consists of an accented syllable and one or more unaccented syllables arranged in a variety of patterns. Free verse

A type of poetry that deliberately seeks to free itself from the restrictions imposed by traditionally fixed conventions of meter, rhyme and stanza. Free verse is now often called poetry in open forms. Dramatic monologue

“Dramatic monologue”, that is a lyric poem which reveals “ a soul in action” through the conversation of one character in a dramatic situation. The character is speaking to an identifiable but silent listener at a dramatic monent in the speaker’s life. The circumstances surrounding the conversation, one side of which we hear as the dramatic monologue, are made clear by implication in the poem, a deep insight into the charcater of the speaker is


given.It is in Browning’s hands that this poetic form reaches its maturity and perfection. Sympathy is the primary law of dramatic monologue and the moral judgment is the purpose. The effect is created by the tention between stmpathy and moral judgment.

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