Design of the research proposal留学学习计划书(英文版哦!)

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Design of the research proposal



There are key elements when designing a research proposal. A suggested template, written by the Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust is outlined below.

1. Title

Clearly identifying the study and may contain a description of the study design as well as the objectives. 2. Investigators

The named investigators on the research proposals, ie.all those with valuable contribution to the work. 3. Background

The background of the project including a critical review of the current

knowledge, published and unpublished work, gaps in the evidence and the potential value of furthering knowledge in this field. The research

hypothesis should also be included in this section, with the explanation of reasons for undertaking the work. 4. Aims

Expressed as a small number, i.e. 1-4. Concise and precise objectives that should follow logically, from the rationale hypothesis for a quantitative study and toward the hypothesis for a qualitative study. 5. Study Design

Description of the important elements of the methodology. It may include some or all of the following:

o The process by which subjects will be sampled o The number of groups studied

o Whether subjects/investigators will be aware of which intervention is

being administered

o Whether patients will receive all or only one intervention o Whether past or current data are collected o Methods to reduce bias o The tools used for sampling 6. Subjects/Patients

All the following information about the study groups should be included:

o A description of the study population, including a rationale o The methods by which they will be found and recruited o Inclusion/exclusion criteria o Sample size

7. Interventions

A full description of the study intervention should be provided:

o Treatment or investigation; the dose, timing, method of providing,

administering and receiving the treatment should be detailed. Questionnaire or interview; reasons for method and possible contamination should be discussed.

o Necessary safeguards and potential risks should be made

apparent, including the methods by which intervention will be monitored.

8. End-Points


Measurement outcomes used to confirm/reject or generate the hypothesis. They should be separated into primary and secondary:

o Primary end-points: those most important to the hypothesis,

there should only be 1 or 2.

o Secondary end-points: provide some support to the hypothesis,

but without the expected primary outcome would not prove the theory.

o The number of end-points should be kept to a minimum, the

inclusion of many variables may hinder the interpretation of the findings.

o The expected effect of the end-points should be described.

9. Measurements

All relevant measurements, investigations and techniques should be clearly and fully described. When there are a variety of accepted

techniques possible for use, the exact procedure should be defined. A detailed list of any equipment used should also be included and the reliability of the measurements must be taken into account. 10. Study Plan

Details of the order, site and timing of all study procedures. Any

information, equipment, treatment and documentation to be given to the patient or to be collected by the investigator, must be detailed. 11. Analysis

The method of the data analysis should be specified within the protocol and should include:

o timing of data collection, entry and statistical analysis o method of data entry o data analysis package

o presentation of demographic and outcome data summaries o the arithmetic, graphical and statistical manipulation of the data o criteria for statistical and clinical significance of data

12. Ethical Issues

These are matters relevant to and the methods by which the

patient/subject’s interests will be safeguarded. They include risk limitation, patient study information and confidentiality, methods of monitoring and possible adverse side effects. (for more detail see section on Ethical Approval)

13. Resource Requirements

The resource implications to the host organisation and any other involved departments should be defined in this section. If the study involves co-operation by individuals other than the researchers, or use of equipment or any other resource, then permission for the use of these services must be obtained form the relevant person.

In addition the following must be displayed if not stated explicitly on the Resources form:

o Timetable/schedule of the research o Names of the staff

o Staff involved peripherally, such as outpatient/ward staff o All costs (both fixed and semi-fixed)

14. Supervision

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